Qualifiers

Owned by Sal Hamerman
Last updated: Apr 22, 2020
4 min read

Updated 2018

Qualifiers are parenthetical additions to a heading or variant name to further clarify its identity or to make it unique.

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Personal names

Follow these instructions for creating personal names.

A fuller form of the name may be used as a parenthetical qualifier if the preferred form contains an initial or if a known part of the name is not included as part of the preddered form. Add fuller form of the name inside parenthesis in a $q.

Add the fuller form without the parenthesis in a 378 $q

Examples:
100 1# $a Collette, Kevin $q (Kevin Bertrand)
378 ## $q Kevin Bertrand
 
100 1# $a Johnson, A.W. $q (Alva William)
378 ## $q Alva William


Use profession, occupation, or other designation inside parenthesis in a subfield $c to differentiate between two or more persons with the same name, when other information such as dates or period of activity is not available.

If using profession or occupation, a corresponding 374 is expected. If using other designation, a corresponding 368 field is expected.

Examples:
100 1# $a Xu, Ming $c (Computer scientist)
374 ## $a Computer scientists ǂa College teachers ǂ2 lcsh
 
100 1# $a Aldao, Martín ǂc (Law teacher)
374 ## $a Law teachers ǂ2 lcsh
 
100 1# $a Taylor, Ben ǂd 1976- ǂc (Spirit)
368 ## ǂc ǂc Spirit ǂ2 lcsh

Ficticious or mythical characters should always be qualified. Add a corresponding 368 $c.

Examples:
100 1# $a Potter, Harry ǂc (Fictitious character)
368 ## ǂc Fictitious characters ǂ2 lcsh
 
100 1# $a Hercules ǂc (Roman mythological character)
368 ## ǂc Roman mythological character

Corporate bodies

Follow these guidelines to establish headings for corporate bodies.

If the name of the corporate body does not convey the idea of a corporate body, add a parenthetical qualifier designating the type of institution. A corresponding 368 field with the type of corporate body is expected.

Examples:
110 2# $a Generosity New Zealand (Organisation)
368 ## $a Associations, institutions, etc. ǂ2 lcsh
 
110 2# $a TJAD (Firm)
368 ## $a Architectural firms ǂ2 lcsh
 
110 2# $a Sonic Youth (Musical group)
368 ## $a Musical groups ǂ2 lcsh

Add a parenthetical qualifier with place associated with body, date associated with body, and/or associated institution to distinguish corporate bodies with the same name. Precede it with a term that designates nature of the body if necessary, according to the recommendations listed above.

Examples:

110 2# $a Erste Bank der Österreichischen Sparkassen (2008- )

110 2# $a Salon d'art (Brussels, Belgium)

110 2# $a Escola Aberta para a Cidadania (Project : Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)

110 2# $a Nuove musiche (Musical group : 2004-)

Initialisms and acronyms used as variant names should be qualified by the authorized heading.

Examples:
110 2# $a Sisters of Loretto
410 2# $a SL (Sisters of Loretto)
 
110 2# $a Cuba. ǂb Contraloría General
410 2# $a CGR (Cuba. Contraloría General)
 
110 2# $a Coalition for Fair Labor
410 2# $a CFL (Coalition for Fair Labor)

Resources: RDA 11.13.1.2 - 11.13.1.8

Conferences and events

Follow these instructions to create an authority record for a conference or event.

Use a parenthetical qualifier with the nature of the event if If the name of a conference consists of an acronym or an initialism. Add a corresponding 368 field with the type of event.

Examples:
111 2# $a GAP (Workshop) ǂn (1st : ǂd 2016 : ǂc Suzhou, Jiangsu Sheng, China)
368 ## $a Workshops (Seminars) ǂ2 lcsh
 
111 2# $a LIT CRI (Conference) ǂd (2012 : ǂc Istanbul, Turkey)
368 ## $a Congresses and conventions ǂ2 lcsh
 
111 2# $a ADNHEAP (Conference) ǂd (2017 : ǂc Kolkata, India)
368 ## $a Congresses and conventions ǂ2 lcsh

Use a parenthetical qualifier if the preferred name does not convey the idea of an event. Add a corresponding 368 field with the type of event.

Examples:
111 2# $a Nouveaux réalismes dans la culture italienne à l'aube di troisième millénaire, définitions et mises en perspective (Conference) ǂd (2014 : ǂc Paris, France)
368 ## $a Congresses and conventions ǂ2 lcsh
 
111 2# $a British Book Design and Production (Exhibition) ǂd (1990 : ǂc London, England; Frankfurt am Main, Germany)
368 ## $a Exhibitions ǂ2 lcsh
 
111 2# $a Daytona 500 (Automobile race)
368 ## ǂc Automobile race
372 ## $a Automobile racing ǂ2 lcsh

A non-unique name for conference can be qualified by a place name or associated institution. It should be recorded parenthetically after the prefered name in subfield $a.

Examples:

111 2# $a National Women's Conference (Great Britain) ǂd (1972 : ǂc London, England)

111 2# $a Jornadas de Estudios Históricos (Salamanca, Spain) ǂn (10th : ǂd 1998 : ǂc Salamanca, Spain)

111 2# $a Jornadas de Estudios Históricos (Universidad del País Vasco) ǂn (3rd : ǂd 2001 : ǂc Bilbao, Spain)

Series

Follow these guidelines for establishing series.

Prefer to qualify a series by the place it was published. Use the established form of the place. Add a corresponding 370 $g

Examples:
130 #0 $a Art in focus series (Tokyo, Japan)
370 ## $g Tokyo (Japan) $2 naf
 
130 #0 $a Poema (Oslo, Norway)
370 ## $g Oslo (Norway) $2 naf

If there is still conflict by qualifying a series name with the place of publication, prefer to qualify it by the authorized name of the publisher.

Examples:

130 #0 $a Agora editions (Cornell University Press)

130 #0 $a Colección Actas (Aragon (Spain). Departamento de Cultura y Turismo)

130 #0 $a Policy analysis (Health Foundation (Great Britain))

If the name of the series is the same as a corporate body, topical heading, or uniform title, also qualify it by the word "Series".

If there is the need to further qualify the series heading, use a separate parentherical qualifier with the place of publication or publisher name.

Examples:

130 #0 $a Alma mater (Series)

130 #0 $a Alma mater (Series) (Madrid, Spain)

130 #0 $a Alma mater (Series) (Edizioni paoline)


Resources: PCC Series training module 6a: qualifiers

Geographic locations

Follow these instructions to establish a jurisdiction in the name authority file.

Qualify headings by the name of the country in which they are located. In the case of conflicts, add to the qualifier the name of the next smaller jurisdiction or a generic term, in English, designating the type of entity.

Examples:

151 ## $a London (England)

151 ## $a Taipei (Taiwan)

151 ## $a San Isidro (Cochabamba, Bolivia)

151 ## $a Buenos Aires (Argentina)

151 ## $a Buenos Aires (Argentina : Province)