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At one level of digitization of print materials is a quickly derived Reference image that can be created using automated flatbed or orbital scanners. These devices require no specialized skill in lighting, composition or focusing as devices automatically determine settings. This can be a very useful image, often made from text-based material slated for optical character recognition (See Digitization Optimized for OCR), but not optimized for deep zoom and detailed online research of materials. Files created by these devices (PDF, JPEG) are not intended for optimized enhancement and are often low-resolution, ideal for reference, speedy transfer, and portability, but insufficient for quality reproduction.
At another level of digitization of cultural heritage materials is a skillfully derived Research image created at documented preservation standards informed by best practices specifications that meet or exceed FADGI (Federal Agencies Digitization Guidelines Initiative) standards. This type of digitization requires the skilled use of high-resolution photographic equipment (See PUL Imaging). The photographer will use lighting designed for cultural heritage imaging and must use professional judgment to properly set exposure, illuminate, and compose each photograph. In addition, the camera, lighting, and display monitor must be calibrated regularly. File formats created using this equipment are lossless (RAW, TIFF) allowing for optimized enhancement and captured at equipment-capable resolutions suitable for high-quality reproduction.
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- For material that has been described bibliographically, the directory name containing the image files should be the bibliographic metadata management system ID number, the 001 field in the catalog record: 6124186 (bib MMS ID)/00000001.tif (file names); i.e. 6124186/00000001.tif. An intermediate directory is appropriate for multi-volume items. For example: 6124186 (bib MMS ID)/01 (volume number)/00000001.tif (file names). Directory names should not have punctuation or spaces.
- For archival materials described in a finding aid, the directory structure generally follows the finding aid structure. The variation is that the collection code and component identification numbers are separated by an underscore and are used in place of a bib an MMS ID. For example: C0744 (collection code)/c002 (component ID)/00000001.tif (file names) should be organized as C0744/C0744_c002/00000001.tif.
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